1730s-1830s
Abstinence-based, Native American religious and cultural revitalization movements mark the first recovery focused advocacy efforts in North America.
1799
Prophet-led Recovery Movements: Handsome Lake (1799), Shawnee Prophet (Tenskwatawa, 1805), Kickapoo Prophet (Kennekuk, 1830s)
1840s
The Washingtonian movement marks the first Euro-American movement organized by and for those recovering from alcoholism—a movement that involved a public pledge of sobriety and public acknowledgement of one’s recovery status.
Conflict within Washingtonian societies rises over the question of legal prohibition of the sale of alcohol and the role of religion in recovery; recovering alcoholics go underground in following decades within fraternal temperance societies and ribbon reform clubs.
1845
Frederick Douglass acknowledges past intemperance, signs temperance pledge and becomes central figure in “Colored Temperance Movement”—framing sobriety as
essential for full achievement of citizenship.
1895
Keeley League members (patient alumni association of the Keeley Institutes—a national network of addiction cure institutes) march on the Pennsylvania capital in support of a Keeley Law that would provide state funds for people who could not afford the Keeley cure.
1906
Current and former patients of the Massachusetts Hospital for Dipsomaniacs and Inebriates organize and level charges of medical incompetence and patient abuse and
neglect against the institution.
1906-1940s
Recovering alcoholics champion “lay therapy” approach to alcoholism treatment, with some working in first interdisciplinary alcoholism treatment teams.